CLSI Susceptibility / Reference Standard: eGFR: >= 90 mL/min/1.73m² | Serum Creatinine: 0.7–1.3 mg/dL | Urine Citrate: > 320 mg/24h
Renal Metabolic & Stone Risk Profiling integrates serum biochemistry (creatinine, CKD-EPI eGFR, calcium, uric acid, intact PTH, electrolytes) with 24-hour urinary supersaturation indices and FTIR/X-ray diffraction stone crystallography.
1. Pathophysiology of Calcium Oxalate & Uric Acid Supersaturation
Roughly 80% of renal calculi consist of calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) or dihydrate (weddellite). In patients with Type 2 Diabetes and metabolic syndrome, defective renal ammoniagenesis lowers urinary pH (< 5.5), driving precipitation of radiolucent uric acid calculi even when serum uric acid is normal.
Related Clinical Practice & Patient Interpretation Guidelines:
• Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis) Diagnosis, Imaging & Prevention Guide
• Insulin Resistance, Low Urine pH & Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis
• Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis) Diagnosis, Imaging & Prevention Guide
• Insulin Resistance, Low Urine pH & Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis